ဧရာ၀တီတိုင္း (Ayeyarwaddy Region,Myanmar)

ဧရာ၀တီတိုင္း

တည္ေနရာႏွင္.အက်ယ္အ၀န္း

ဧ​ရာဝတီတိုင္းသည္ ၁၃၅၆၈ စတုရန္းမိုင္က်ယ္ဝန္းသည္။ လူေနသိပ္သည္းေသာ ေဒသလည္းျဖစ္သည္။ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံ၏ ေတာင္ပိုင္းတြင္တည္ရွိတည္ရွိၿပီး ရန္ကုန္တိုင္း ပဲခူးတိုင္း၊ ရခိုင္ျပည္နယ္၊ ဘဂၤလားပင္လယ္ေအာ္ႏွင့္ မုတၱပင္လယ္ေကြ႔တို႔ျဖင့္ ဝန္းရံထားသည္။ ျမစ္ဝကၽြန္းေပၚေဒသျဖစ္၍ စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရး အလြန္ေကာင္းမြန္သည္။ တစ္နည္းအားျဖင့္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံ၏ ဆန္အိုးႀကီးဟုလည္း ေခၚဆိုၾကသည္။

ရာသီဥတု

ပင္လယ္ႏွင့္နီးေသာေဒသျဖစ္၍၊ မိုးမ်ားၿပီးစြတ္စိုေသာ ရာသီဥတုရွိသည္။
ၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္

ဧ​ရာဝတီတိုင္း၏ ၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္မွာ ပုသိမ္ျမိဳ႕ျဖစ္သည္။
ခရိုင္ရံုးစိုက္ရာၿမိဳ႕မ်ား

ဧရာဝတီတိုင္းအား ခရိုင္၅ခုျဖင့္ ဖြဲ႕စည္းထားျပီး နာဂစ္မုန္တိုင္းအျပီး ၄ လအၾကာတြင္ လပြတၱာျမိဳ႕အား ခရိုင္ရံုးစိုက္ရာျမိဳ႕အျဖစ္တိုးျမင့္ကာသတ္မွတ္လိုက္သည္။ထို႕ေၾကာင့္ခရိုင္ရံုးမ်ားမွာ ေအာက္ပါျမိဳ႕မ်ားတြင္ ရံုးစိုက္သည္။

* ပုသိမ္ျမိဳ႕
* ဟသၤာတျမိဳ႕
* မအူပင္ျမိဳ႕
* ေျမာင္းျမျမိဳ႕
* ဖ်ာပံုျမိဳ႕
* လပြတၱာျမိဳ႕

ျမိဳ႕နယ္ရုံးစုိက္ရာျမိဳ႕မ်ား

ခရိုင္၅ခုအား ျမိဳ႕နယ္၂၆ျမိဳ႕နယ္ျဖင့္ ဖြဲ႕စည္းထားခဲ့ျပီး ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္၊ၾသဂုတ္လတြင္ လပြတၱာျမိဳ႕နယ္ႏွင့္ ေမာ္လျမိဳင္ကြၽန္းျမိဳ႕နယ္ ႏွစ္ျမိဳ႕နယ္ကိုေပါင္းကာ လပြတၱာခရိုင္အျဖစ္တိုးျမွင့္ဖြဲ႕စည္းခဲ့သည္။

* ပုသိမ္ခရိုင္

ပုသိမ္ျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ကန္ၾကီးေထာင့္ျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ သာေပါင္းျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ငပုေတာျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ က်ံဳေပ်ာ္ျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ေရၾကည္ျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ေက်ာင္းကုန္းျမိဳ႕နယ္

* ဟသၤာတခရိုင္

ဟသၤတျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ဇလြန္ျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ေလးမ်က္ႏွာျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ျမန္ေအာင္ျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ၾကံခင္းျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ အဂၤပူျမိဳ႕နယ္

* ေျမာင္းျမခရိုင္

ေျမာင္းျမျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ အိမ္မဲျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ဝါးခယ္မျမိဳ႕နယ္

* မအူပင္ခရိုင္

မအူပင္ျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ပန္းတေနာ္ျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ေညာင္တုန္းျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ဓႏုျဖဴျမိဳ႕နယ္

* ဖ်ာပံုခရိုင္

ဖ်ာပံုျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ဘိုကေလးၿမိဳ႕နယ္၊ က်ိဳက္လတ္ျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ေဒးဒရဲျမိဳ႕နယ္

* လပြတၱာခရိုင္

လပြတၱာျမိဳ႕နယ္၊ေမာ္လျမိဳင္ကြ်န္းျမိဳ႕နယ္
ဧရာဝတီတိုင္းေျမပံု
အျခား ၿမိဳ႕ရြာမ်ား

* အေထာင္
* အိုင္သျပဳ
* အေဖ်ာက္
* အသုတ္
* ေဘာ္မိ
* ေခ်ာင္းသာ
* ဓမိ
* ကဒံုကနိ
* ကေနာင္
* ခေမာက္စု
* ကြင္းေကာက္
* က်ိဳက္လတ္
* က်ံဳးဒါး
* က်ံဳကဒြန္း
* က်ံဳမေငး
* လူေခါင္းကၽြန္း
* မဲဇလီကုန္း
* ျမင္းကကုန္း
* ၿမိဳ႕ကြင္း
* နိဗၺာန္
* ငါးသိုင္းေခ်ာင္း
* ေငြေဆာင္
* အုန္းပင္
* ပသြယ္
* ျပင္ခရိုင္
* သကၠယ္ေသာင္
* ပ်ဥ္ရြာ
* စေကၠာ့
* စက္ဆန္း
* ရွမ္းရြာ
* ေရွာျပာ
* ေရႊေလာင္း
* ေရႊျမင္တင္
* ေရႊေတာင္ေမွာ္
* ဆင္မ
* တဂရက္
* ေတာင္ကေလး
* သစ္ျပဳတ္
* သံုးခြ
* ထူးႀကီး
* ဝါးခယ္မ
* ေရလဲကေလး
* ႐ြာသစ္
* ဆကာႀကီး
* ဇီးခ်ိဳင္
* ဒါးက
* ဟိုင္းၾကီးကြ်န္း

စိတ္ဝင္စားဖြယ္ေနရာမ်ား

* ေရႊမုေ႒ာဘုရား
* ေငြေဆာင္ကမ္းေျခ အပန္းေျဖစခန္း
* ေခ်ာင္းသာကမ္းေျခ အပန္းေျဖစခန္း
* လိပ္ကြ်န္း
* ေမာ္တင္စြန္း


ေဒသထြက္ကုန္မ်ား

ဧရာဝတီတိုင္းသည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ၏ ဆန္စပါးလိုအပ္ခ်က္ကို ျဖည့္ဆည္းေပးေနသည့္ စပါးက်ည္ၾကီး ျဖစ္သည့္အျပင္ သစ္ေတာထြက္ပစၥည္းမ်ားပါ အမ်ားအျပား ထြက္ရွိသည္။ ထို႕အျပင္ ေျပာင္း၊ ေျမပဲ၊ ေနၾကာႏွင့္ ဂုန္ေလွ်ာ္ တို႕ပါစုိက္ပ်ိဳး ထုတ္လုပ္ျပီး ငါးဖမ္းလုပ္ငန္းမွာလည္း မ်ားစြာအေရးပါလွသည္။ ငါးဖမ္းလုပ္ငန္းႏွင့္ အတူ ငါးပိ၊ ငါးေျခာက္၊ ငံျပာရည္လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားလည္း မ်ားစြာဖြံျဖိဳးသည္။
တကၠသိုလ္ႏွင့္ ေကာလိပ္မ်ား

* ပုသိမ္တကၠသိုလ္
* ဟသၤာတတကၠသိုလ္
* မအူပင္တကၠသိုလ္
* ပုသိမ္ပညာေရးေကာလိပ္
* ဘုိကေလးပညာေရးေကာလိပ္
* ေျမာင္းျမပညာေရးေကာလိပ္

Ayeyarwaddy Division

Ayeyarwaddy division is where the Ayeyarwaddy river splits into many streams and drains into the Andaman sea. The Ayeyarwaddy delta is a level flat plain with the exception of low western hills, the extension of the Rakhine mountain range. Many river streams rich in minerals collected along hundreds of kilometers of run through the middle of the country, islands, swamp land, wet land, sands, muds and mangrove forests, bush forests and large rice fields are the topography of the division. According to the geographic study the forming of the delta is not yet complete, and is still expanding.

The division is the largest rice producer of the country. Apart from rice it produces sesame, ground nut, jute, maize, tobacco, and fruits such as bananas, mangoes, coconuts and so on. Drainage is the main problem facing the agriculture industry due to heavy rains, river flooding, low land, and close proximity to the sea.

River and sea products are also popular; and there are agriculture related industries such as rice mills, jute mills, as well as shipping and trading industries in the division. A cement production plant is in Kyangin on the western side of the Ayeyarwaddy river, in the north. The tidal and mangrove forests in the division produce firewood that is used within and outside the division. Due to the insufficient supply of gas, oil and electricity, firewood is still the main energy source for many parts of the country. Pathein, the capital of the division, is one of the major sea ports of Myanmar. It is located 104 km from the sea mouth via Ngawun river. Most of the rice export out of the division leave the country from Pathein port.

Transport and tourism
Until 1990's the division has been ignored by majority of foreign tourists due to lack of proper transportation and accommodations. The road from Yangon to Pathein is now in somewhat good conditions, travel time being around 4 hours. The road between Pathein and the famous Ngwe Saung and Chaung Tha beaches on the Bay of Bangal is also improving. Up to March 2004 it is necessary to cross the Ngawun river by boat to the western side to continue to the beaches. The construction of a bridge may be finished in a few years.

The road linking Pathein to Sagaing division (Monywa, Kale, etc.) is being developed. The road passes the plain of Magwe division between the Ayeyarwady river and the western hills of Rakhine and Chin states. Local people have been traveling on this route as well as to the northern Rakhine state, and Chin state. However foreign travellers are rarely seen on this route. There is no basic facilities such as toilets, rest areas, proper food shops, telephones, accommodations along many hundreds of kilometers long route.

Travel to the towns and islands in the south of the division is possible by boats or combination of river and land. There are regular ferry boats linking major towns of the division and Yangon. Smaller towns and villages could be reached by hiring small private boats. Most tourists travel to Pathein for a night and continue to the beaches on the west. There is a plan to build an air field near Ngwe Saung beach. Kanthaya beach to the north of Chaung Tha, is beautifully located between the sea and the lower hills of Rankhine range. Travel is possible by road.

Accommodations are concentrated in Ngwe Saung, Chaung Tha and Kanthaya beaches and the capital Pathein.

Chaungtha Beach:
Is located about 40 km to the west of Pathein. Its white sand and the blue water attract the tourists to take a beach leisure. It is a very convenient drive from Yangon via Pathein taking about 5 hours. There

are bungalow type resorts and hotels along the beach front with standard facilities. A wide choice of standard dining places offer fresh and reasonable sea food dishes. You can also visit the nearby fishing villages and a sand island.

Parasol from Pathein

The umbrella industry of Pathein, the capital of the Ayeyarwady Division of Myanmar’s delta region, is well known worldwide. This cottage industry was established in Pathein over a hundred years ago.

The first umbrellas were made of paper, but through experience the makers became innovative and began to produce umbrellas with canopies of cotton, silk and satin with attractive floral designs. These newly fashioned umbrellas gained popularity with the ladies and sales expanded to the whole country. It also attracted visiting foreigners who would purchase Pathein umbrellas as souvenirs or for interior decoration on walls and for use as unique lampshades.

The production of the Pathein umbrella is more or less a family industry, and there is division of labour in the making of a single umbrella. Each worker is assigned a different task, with one responsible for making the framework of ribs and another the shaft, with still others making the canopy, the grip, the hub which holds the ribs together, and even the wedge or switch for opening and closing the umbrella. Each person works separately and is a specialist so to speak in his own line of work.

The shaft and ribs of the umbrella are made of bamboo and the hub and grip from softwood known locally as “Ma-U Thit”. The raw materials of bamboo and wood are obtained from the lower hill slopes of the Rakhine Yoma Mountain Range near Chaungthar, which is close to Pathein.

When all the different parts made by different craftsmen are ready, they are put together to make an umbrella. Then the canopy, dyed in pastel shades of mauve, pink, green and blue to deflect the sunlight, are attached to the frame, but there are a few darker shades too, such as black, dark blue and bottle green. When the canopy has been fixed to the rib frame, small flowers of varying shapes and colours are painted on the background colour.

The wonder of it is that many different parts made by different hands all fit so snugly together, that one is able to open and close the umbrella smoothly without a hitch. Once the umbrella is folded then a small bamboo ring wrapped in coloured wool thread and attached with the same thread to an indentation on the grip, can be slipped on to the folded umbrella to keep it tightly closed.

The bright and colourful Pathein umbrella seems to give added grace and allure to MyanmarMyanmar, and since it does not take up much space when neatly folded, it would be ideal for foreigners to buy this lovely item as a gift for someone special. feminine beauty. Pathein umbrellas in all sizes and colours are readily available in any shopping arcade or market throughout

Pathein umbrellas are now beginning to catch the eye of young women from abroad. So, may be some day soon, the picture of a willowy young girl swaying gracefully along catwalk with a Pathein umbrella shading her could become part of the international fashion scene.

Meinmahla kyun wildlife sanctuary - Myanmar

Meinmahla kyun (island) wildlife sanctuary is located in Bogalay township of Ayeyawaddy division. It covers an area of 52.79 square miles, and was established in 1986.


Access
Yangon to Bogalay, 99 miles (158 km) by river, and Bogalay to Meinmahla Kyun is another 12 miles (19 km) by small boat.

Objectives
To protect and conserve degraded mangrove ecosystem from overexploitation by human. To preserve remnant mangrove forests, consisting of 29 different tree species, as seed production areas for plantations. To conserve and manage the are as breeding grounds, particularly, for fish and prawn. To implement conservation programmes for endangered estuarine crocodiles o increase their population and to conduct research activities on the species.

To establish a bird sanctuary for protection of resident and migratory water birds and shore birds and their habitats. To upgrade and promote as and ecotourism with attraction on mangrove conservation activities, research activities on estuarine crocodiles and bird watching. To establish area creatively as an environmental education centre for local people.

Forest / vegetation types
Mangrove species such as Kanazo, Madama, Thame, Thayaw, Kambala, Thinbaung, etc. are present.

Wildlife
Otter, sambar, hog deer, wild boar, crab-eating kra, wild dog, turtles and tortoises, estuarine crocodiles, fish, prawn, crab and 34 bird species are known to occur in the area and Ayeyawaddy Dolphin is said to occur occasionally in the area.

Conservation, development and research programmes
Conservation of mangrove ecosystem. Implementation of conservation activities including reintroduction of estuarine crocodile and related research activities. Conservation of mangrove forests with natural regeneration practices.

Re-introduction of estuarine cricodiles, after nursing the young brood in the research centre, to increase their population. Implementation of environmental education activities. Construcion of wooden tracks in forests.

Opportunities for study and recreation
Study on mangrove ecosystem. Study and research on mangrove conservation with the practice of natural regeneration method. Bird watching.

Study on behavior of wildlife including reptiles, mammals and aquatic animals. Study on the egg-layinf of marine turtle at Kadonlay nesting beach: 10 miles away from tje sanctuary, during November to January. Conducting of socio-economic survey on local people at seaside. Accommodation for 6 persons at Bogalay, 5 persons at Meinmahla kyun and 5 persons at a guard post in the sanctuary.